Literature and Validation¶
This literature documents peer-reviewed studies that validate and apply M-Star’s lattice Boltzmann CFD methods across a range of physical models, numerical approaches, and engineering applications. See also References.
Literature¶
Bioreactor Performance and Bubble Mass Transfer¶
Anand, A., McCahill, M., Thomas, J., Sood, A., Kinross, J., Dasgupta, A., and Rajendran, A. “An in-silico analysis of hydrodynamics and gas mass transfer characteristics in scale-down models for mammalian cell cultures,” Journal of Biotechnology, 388: 2024.
Dasgupta, A., Thomas, J., Anand, A., DeVincentis, B., McCahill, M., Sood, A., Kinross, J., and Rajendran, A. “Integrative in-silico models for mammalian cell cultures in single-use bioreactors; Bridging hydrodynamics, kinetics, and process control across scales,” Journal of Biotechnology, 406: 2025.
Hanspal, N., DeVincentis, B., Thomas, J. “Modeling multiphase fluid flow, mass transfer, and chemical reactions in bioreactors using large-eddy simulation,” Engineering in Life Sciences, 2022.
Hill, M., White, C., Wang, S., Thomas, J., DeVincentis, B., Singh, N. “Computational fluid dynamics based digital twins of fixed bed bioreactors validate scaling principles for recombinant adeno-associated virus gene therapy manufacturing,” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2024.
Jamshidian, R., Scully, J., and Van de Akker, H. “A novel model for the simulation of cell respiration in a mammalian cell culture process in an aerated stirred bioreactor,” Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 222: 2025.
Kuschel, M., Wutz, J., Salli, M., Monteil, D., and Wucherpfennig, T. “CFD supported scale up of perfusion bioreactors in biopharma” Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, 5: 2023.
Oliveira, C., Pace, Z., Thomas, J., DeVincentis, B., Sirasitthichoke, C., Egan, S., and Lee, J. “CFD-based bioreactor model with proportional-integral-derivative controller functionality for dissolved oxygen and pH,” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2023.
Schlaich, E., Thomas, J., Kandari, L., Tremml, G., and Khetan, A. “Experimental and computational characterization of mass transfer in high turndown bioreactors,” Biotechnology Progress, 2023.
Thomas, J., DeVincentis, B., Hanspal, N., and Kehn, R. “Predicting gas-liquid mass transfer rates in reactors using a bubble parcel model,” Chemical Engineering Sciences, 264: 2022.
Thomas, J., Liu, X., DeVincentis, B., Hua, H., Yao, G., Borys, M., Aron, K., and Pendse, G. “A mechanistic approach for predicting mass transfer in bioreactors,” Chemical Engineering Science, 237: 2021.
Bioreactor Performance and Free Surface Mass Transfer¶
Farsani, H., Wutz, J., DeVincentis, B., Thomas, J., Motevalian, S. “Modeling Mass Transfer in Stirred Microbioreactors,” Chemical Engineering Science, 248(B): 2022.
Thomas, J., Rahman, A., Wutz, J., Wang, Y., DeVincentis, B., McGuire, B., Cao, L. “Modeling free surface gas transfer in agitated lab-scale bioreactors,” Chemical Engineering Communications, 210: 2023.
Mixing and Blending¶
Fitschen, J., Hofmann, S., Wutz, J., Kameke, A., Hoffmann, M., Wucherpfennig, T., and Schlüter, M. “Novel evaluation method to determine the local mixing time distribution in stirred tank reactors,” Chemical Engineering Science: X, 10: 2021.
Thomas, J., Sinha, K., Shivkumar, G., Cao, L., Funck, M., Shang, S., and Nere, N. “A CFD Digital Twin to Understand Miscible Fluid Blending,” AAPS PharmSciTech, 22(91): 2021.
Fitschen, J., Hofmann, S., Wutz, J., Kameke, A., Hoffmann, M., Wucherpfennig, T., and Schlüter, M. “Novel Evaluation Method to Determine the Local Mixing Time Distribution in Stirred Tank Reactors,” Chemical Engineering Science: X 10: 2021.
“Computational prediction of blend time in a large-scale viral inactivation process for monoclonal antibodies biomanufacturing” Biotechnology and Bioengineering (October 2022) Chadakarn Sirasitthichoke, Duc Hoang, Poonam Phalak, Piero M. Armenante, Barak I. Barnoon, Ishaan Shandil
“Experimental Determination and Computational Prediction of Blend Time in the USP Dissolution Testing Apparatus 1” Chemical Engineering Research and Design (May 2023) Justin Pace, Chadakarn Sirasitthichoke, Piero M. Armenante
“Computational study of three-dimensional Lagrangian transport and mixing in a stirred tank reactor” Chemical Engineering Journal Advances (January 2023) Christian Weiland, Eike Steuwe, Jürgen Fitschen, Marko Hoffmann, Michael Schlüter, Kathrin Padberg-Gehle, Alexandra von Kameke
“A numerical study on the mixing time prediction of miscible liquids with high viscosity ratios in turbulently stirred vessels” Chemical Engineering Science (February 2025) Soroch Mirfasihi, Wrichik Basu, Philip Martin, Adam Kowalski, Claudio P. Fonte, Amir Keshmiri
“Mixing Times of Miscible Liquid Systems in Agitated Vessels” Processes (April 2025) Russell Miller, Isabella Cardona Barber, Leo Lue, Jan Sefcik, Neda Nazemifard
“Simulating Stirred Tank Reactor Characteristics with a Lattice Boltzmann CFD Code” Chemical Engineering and Technology (December 2023) Jule Kersebaum, Steffen Flaischlen, Dr. Julia Hofinger, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gregor D. Wehinger
“Blending and Cavern Formation within Non-Newtonian Fluids in Stirred Tanks: Application to Nuclear Waste Fluid Processing” Chemical Engineering Science (October 2022) Sean Noble, Michael R. Poirier, John A. Thomas
Heat and Mass Transfer¶
DeVincentis, B. and Thomas, A. “Application of flux limiters to passive scalar advection for the lattice Boltzmann method,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 144: 1–11, 2023.
“A general approach for predicting convective heat transfer coefficients in turbulent systems” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (March 2024) John A. Thomas, Brian DeVincentis, Eric Janz, Ben Turner
Solids Suspension¶
Sirasitthichoke, C., Teoman, B., Thomas, J., and Armenante, P. “Computational prediction of the just-suspended speed, Njs, in stirred vessels using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) coupled with a novel mathematical approach,” Chemical Engineering Science, 251: 2022.
Giacomelli, J., and Van den Akker, H. “A spectral approach of suspending solid particles in a turbulent stirred vessel,” AIChE Journal, 67(2): 2020.
Turbulence and LES Validation¶
Giacomelli, J., and Van den Akker, H. “Time Scales and Turbulent Spectra Above the Base of Stirred Vessels from Large Eddy Simulations,” Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 105: 31–62, 2020.
Kuschel, M., Fitschen, J., Hoffmann, M., von Kameke, A., Schlüter, M., and Wucherpfennig, T. “Validation of Novel Lattice Boltzmann Large Eddy Simulations (LB LES) for Equipment Characterization in Biopharma,” Processes, 9(6): 2021.
“Lagrangian Sensor Particles for detecting hydrodynamic heterogeneities in industrial bioreactors: Experimental analysis and Lattice-Boltzmann simulations” Chemical Engineering Journal Advances (May 2025) Sebastian Hofmann, Ryan Rautenbach, Lukas Buntkiel, Isabel Sophie Brouwers, Lena Gaugler, Jonas Barczyk, Jürgen Fitschen, Sebastian Reinecke, Marko Hoffmann, Ralf Takors, Uwe Hampel, Michael Schlüter
Hydrodynamic Stress on Living Cells¶
Haringa, C. “An analysis of organism lifelines in an industrial bioreactor using Lattice-Boltzmann CFD,” Engineering in Life Sciences, 23(1): 2022.
“Implicit large eddy simulations for hydrodynamic stress characterization in 125 mL shake flasks for stem cultures” Biochemical Engineering Journal (July 2025) Ramon D. van Valderen, Brenda E. Juarez-Garza, Marieke E. Klijn, Marcel Ottens, Cees Haringa
“Study of hydrodynamic stress in cell culture bioreactors via lattice-Boltzmann CFD simulations supported by micro-probe shear stress method” Biochemical Engineering Journal (May 2024) Ondřej Šrom, Miroslav Šoóš, Maike Kuschel, Thomas Wucherpfennig, Jürgen Fitschen, Michael Schlüter
Bubble and Droplet Dynamics¶
Poirier, M., Thomas, J., and Pareizs, J. “Modeling Gas Release from a Bingham Plastic Slurry and Deconvoluting Measured Data,” Chemical Engineering Science, 255: 2022.
“Trajectory-based breakup modelling for dense bubbly flows” Chemical Engineering Journal (November 2024) Christian Weiland, Alexandra von Kameke, Michael Schlüter
Thomas, J., DeVincentis, B., Wutz, J., and Ricci, F. “Predicting the Diameters of Droplets Produced in Turbulent Liquid-Liquid Dispersion,” AIChE Journal, 68(7): 2022.
Other¶
“Investigating the Hydrodynamics of Intravenous Drug Infusions” International Journal of Pharmaceutics (February 2024) MD Shujan Ali, Steven Castleberry
“Optimization of YF17D-Vectored Zika Vaccine Production by Employing Small-Molecule Viral Sensitizers to Enhance Yields” Vaccines (July 2025) Sven Göbel, Tilia Zinnecker, Ingo Jordan, Volker Sandig, Andrea Vervoort, Jondavid de Jong, Jean-Simon Diallo, Peter Satzer, Manfred Satzer, Kai Dallmeier, Udo Reichl, Yvonne Genzel
“Computational Fluid Dynamics for Enhancing Dissolution Applications in Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing” Sartorius (June 2025) Behnam Partopour, Abhinav Hazarika, Johannes Wutz, John Thomas, David Menahem